The European powers used both, and in varying roles. the Koreans for example used monitor class ships, but had no ironclads. this is due mainly to the recoginition of other natiosn using both, in very similar roles, with similar designes to USN types of both. While at the time that was "correct," in current classifications (with that historical hind sight), the two have been divided into separate classifications. The confusion stems from some inaccurate references to monitors as "ironclads," mostly coming out of ACW histories. Ironclads, were generally sail ships refitted with steam engines (they could operate on either), fixed gun ports, and armor plating added to hulls (but not to any deck structures). low profile top side, steam powered, with armor plating, and rudimentary turrets (or fixed gun ports, ala CSS Manassas). Monitors are a very distinct type of ship.
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